7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 Taking that into consideration, evidence supporting the administration of antioxidants to mitigate OA aggressiveness is slowly beginning to rise, yet additional clarification of their protective mechanisms in joint tissues is still desirable in order to further reveal potential benefit to patients
It occurs endogenously in humans, where it has been identified in the hypothalamus, the limbic system, the pituitary, and even the gastrointestinal tract
It significantly ameliorates high-fat diet-induced structural dysbiosis of the gut microbiota by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria positively correlated with hepatic lipid deposition (e.g., Lachnospiraceae and Collinsella) and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcus and Turicibacter), thereby reducing hepatic lipogenesis and ultimately alleviates liver steatosis and lipid accumulation (Wang S
& Mamitsuka, H